ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Srikakulam

Condition

What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that connects the thigh to the shin is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. An ACL tear or sprain causes an ACL injury. An ACL injury makes people feel like something is popping. The upper and lower limbs are connected by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PCL holds the bones in place, facilitating the smooth movement of the knees. A PCL injury occurs when the PCL is torn or sprained.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injury occurs during sports or fitness activities. These include activities that require you to stop or change directions suddenly. ACL injuries are common if you are involved in soccer, football, basketball, etc. The main causes of ACL injury causes include: 1. Sudden change in the direction 2. Sudden stopping or slowing down 3. Turning while keeping the foot steady 4. Awkwardly landing after a jump 5. Abruptly stopping 6. Getting struck in the knee directly or colliding with something

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

Following are the signs and symptoms of ACL injury: 1. Sudden sensation or sound of popping in the knee 2. Severe pain 3. Sudden swelling 4. Limited movement 5. Feeling of giving way or instability when bearing weight Most patients with ACL injuries can experience excruciating pain. However, some patients only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you might have hurt your knee. Do not disregard your condition, particularly if you experience or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

It is common for your doctor to grade your ACL injuries. The grading is based on the severity of the injury. ACL injuries are graded from I to III. Grade I injuries are those that are extremely minor. A Grade III injury is considered to be more serious. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade I: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade II: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. Co nsult your doctor if you are unsure about the specific type of ACL injury you have. This will help you and your doctor to manage your condition better.

When to See the Doctor?

See your doctor if you suspect an ACL injury. Be vigilant about the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Immediately draw your doctor’s attention if needed. Early diagnosis will result in early treatment and management of your condition. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

A clinical examination that evaluates knee stability, range of motion, and swelling is required to diagnose an ACL injury. Orthopaedic specialists can order an MRI to obtain fine-grained ligament imaging. Bone fractures could be ruled out with X-rays. A thorough diagnosis is probable when imaging is paired with clinical evaluation. Finding the best course of action, whether it entails non-surgical methods like physical therapy or surgical procedures like ACL reconstruction surgery, requires speaking with a healthcare professional for a timely and precise diagnosis.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Based on your condition, your doctor may recommend treatment. This will help in reducing the pain and managing the symptoms. You may be asked to use crutches. These are braces that help to secure and stabilise your knee. You may also be asked to take OTC painkillers. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your physician will also ask you to perform certain exercises that will help in elevating your symptoms. Physical therapy is key to treating any kind of injury. ACL tear cannot mend on its own. But you can manage it if the injury is not very severe. However, you will require surgery to repair your ACL if you are an athlete or wish to resume physical activity. ACL operation is the most common option for treating an ACL tear. An ACL reconstruction may also be suggested based on the severity of the injury. ACL repair surgery to repair the damaged knee is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. You can return home the same day after the ACL surgery. Your surgeon will do a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to fix the tear inside your knee.

Prevention of ACL injury

1. Strength Training: To improve stability and support, perform regular strength training exercises emphasising the muscles surrounding the knee, such as the hamstrings, quadriceps, and hip muscles. 2. Practices for Proprioception: Incorporate proprioceptive exercises, such as agility and balance drills, to improve joint awareness and reduce fall risk. 3. Correct Technique: To reduce strain on the ACL, use the proper landing and cutting techniques when participating in sports or activities requiring jumping or abrupt direction changes. Even though many procedures are available in the public and private hospitals, it's better to prevent the wear and tear of ACL by incorporating healthy habits.

Post-surgery Procedure

1. Immediate Postoperative Care: Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, patients usually receive instructions on wound care and pain management. 2. Start of Physical Therapy: To regain range of motion, strengthen muscles, and restore function, physical therapy begins soon after the ACL operation. The emphasis may be on mild exercises at first, then progress gradually. 3. Bracing and Support: A knee brace may be used initially to provide support based on the surgeon's recommendation. Its duration of use varies. 4. Weight-Bearing Progression: Under the supervision of a physical therapist, a gradual introduction of weight-bearing activities takes place, progressing from non-weight-bearing to partial and full weight-bearing. 5. Activity Graduation: Returning to regular activities and sports is a gradual process. The physical therapist and surgeon frequently supervise the patient's recovery goals and progress. 6. Follow-up Appointments: To track development, address concerns, and modify the rehabilitation plan as necessary, follow-up appointments with the surgeon and physical therapist are crucial.