ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Muvattupuzha

Condition

What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that connects the thigh to the shin is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. An ACL tear or sprain causes an ACL injury. An ACL injury makes people feel like something is popping. The upper and lower limbs are connected by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PCL holds the bones in place, facilitating the smooth movement of the knees. A PCL injury occurs when the PCL is torn or sprained.

ACL Injury: Causes

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are frequently brought on by impacts or abrupt, strong movements that strain the knee joint. Awkward landings from jumps, sudden stops or direction changes, and direct hits to the knee, especially in sports like basketball, skiing, and soccer, are common causes. Improper landing mechanics, improper pivoting, or insufficient muscle strength in the knee area can cause ACL injuries. Hormonal and biomechanical factors may also make female athletes more vulnerable. An increased susceptibility can result from pre-existing conditions like ligament laxity. The range of medical conditions amenable to ACL injury may vary, influenced by the surgical team's expertise and the healthcare infrastructure available

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

1. Immediate Pain and Swelling: ACL injuries frequently result in acute, palpable pain and knee swelling. 2. Popping Sensation: Many people say that they heard or felt a popping sound right after getting hurt. 3. Joint Instability: When performing weight-bearing activities, the knee may feel unstable and give way. 4. Bruising: Over time, bruises may appear around the knee, signifying internal bleeding. 5. Reduced Range of Motion: People may find it difficult to bend or straighten their knee, which results in a restricted range of motion. 6. Tenderness: Commonly, there is tenderness along the joint line, and specific movements may cause pain. 7. Walking Difficulty: Walking or bearing weight on the affected leg may be challenging due to pain and instability in that leg. 8. Increased Joint Laxity: People with an affected knee joint may experience increased laxity or looseness.

Types of ACL injuries

Depending on their severity and degree of ligament damage, ACL injuries usually fall into one of several categories: 1. Sprains: Mild ACL injuries cause the ligament to stretch or partially tear without completely rupturing. They frequently cause localised oedema and pain. 2. Some Tears: The ACL is harmed but not torn in partial tears. The degree to which this kind of impacts stability and function varies.

When to See the Doctor?

Consult your doctor if you encounter any of the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. You may need medical attention if you suffer from severe pain. Do not delay your visit to your doctor. Early diagnosis is key to early initiation of treatment. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

ACL injury is first diagnosed using a thorough physical examination. A few tests may also be recommended by your physician. Your doctor may start by asking you questions regarding your symptoms. What you were doing prior to the onset of any injury-related symptoms must be disclosed to your doctor. Your doctor may also want to know about the early symptoms you had following the injury. Your doctor may try adjusting the position of your leg and knee to assess your condition. You should let your doctor know if there are particular positions that hurt more than others. Your doctor may also recommend a few tests. These may include an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Your doctor might suggest a course of treatment based on your condition. This wil l assist in managing the symptoms and lessening the pain. You may be asked to use crutches. These braces aid in stabilising and securing the knee. OTC painkillers might also be recommended by your doctor. These could consist of paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Your doctor may ask you to engage in specific exercises that will help reduce your symptoms. The foundation of any injury treatment programme is physical therapy. An ACL tear cannot heal by itself. But you can manage it if you have the injury is not very severe. If you are an athlete or want to start exercising again, you will need surgery to repair your ACL. The most popular way of treating an ACL tear is through an ACL operation. The ACL surgery is done in the outpatient setting. It helps to repair the damaged knee. You can go back home on the same day after the surgery. Your knee tear will be repaired by your surgeon using a minimally invasive technique known as knee arthroscopy.

Prevention of ACL injury

Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out Take the help of programmes to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. 1. You must comply with the following safety advice in order to reduce your risk of suffering an ACL injury. 2. Avoid planting the foot and pivoting over the knee. This is the most frequent reason why athletes sustain meniscus and ACL injuries. 3. Check your home or workspace to make sure nothing could trip you. 4. Make sure you always use the proper tools or equipment when reaching for items around the house. 5. Avoid standing on tables, chairs, or countertops. 6. Use a walker or cane if you have difficulty walking or are at risk of falling.

Post-surgery Procedure

Ensure that you get all the necessary care after your ACL tear surgery. The ACL injury recovery time after the surgery is around 6 to 9 months. Regaining their normalcy and returning to their sport may take longer for some athletes. Follow your doctor's instructions about physical activity. These exercises will help you restore your natural range of motion. It will also prevent the formation of blood clots. It is usually expected of patients to raise their legs without assistance in the first week after the surgery. Physical therapy usually starts seven to fourteen days after the surgery. Follow your doctor's suggestions when taking pain medication. Take note of your body temperature. Inform your doctor if you have a persistent fever that does not go down. Do not be afraid to let your doctor know if you experience any issues following the procedure.