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ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Bhiwani

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Amitabh Bachchan

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the tissue that joins the thighbone to the shinbone. The knee joint is stabilised by the ACL. An ACL injury occurs due to a sprain or damage in the ACL. People who have an ACL injury describe it as a sense of popping. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) connects the lower and upper limbs. The PCL stabilises the bones and allows the knees to move smoothly. A sprain or tear to the PCL results in an injury.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injury occurs during sports or fitness activities. These include activities that require you to stop or change directions suddenly. ACL injuries are common if you are involved in soccer, football, basketball, etc. The main causes of ACL injury causes include: 1. Sudden change in the direction 2. Sudden stopping or slowing down 3. Turning while keeping the foot steady 4. Awkwardly landing after a jump 5. Abruptly stopping 6. Getting struck in the knee directly or colliding with something

Who is at Risk?

    ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

    The typical signs and symptoms of an ACL tear are as follows: 1. A loud snap or a feeling of "popping" in the knee 2. Extreme discomfort and incapacity to carry out activities 3. Rapid inflammation 4. Reduction in range of motion 5. The sensation of giving way or instability when bearing weight Although ACL injuries can cause excruciating pain, some people only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you may have hurt your knee. You should see your doctor, especially if you feel or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

    Your doctor may often grade the ACL injuries. The grading depends on the severity of the injury. The ACL injury is graded from I to III. Grade I describes a very less severe injury. Grade III indicates a more severe injury. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade 1: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade 2: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. If you have any queries regarding the type of ACL injury, talk to your doctor to better understand your condition.

When to See the Doctor?

    You must visit a doctor right away if you think you may have an ACL injury. If you have symptoms like sharp pain, swelling, joint instability, popping sound during injury, or trouble walking, get medical help. Early detection and action reduce the likelihood of side effects and increase the possibility of a successful outcome. For a customised treatment plan that considers general health, lifestyle, and treatment objectives, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

    The physical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of ACL injury. Your doctor might also suggest a few tests. Your doctor might first ask you questions about your symptoms. Your doctor needs to know what you were doing before any injury-related symptoms appeared. Your physician might also inquire about the initial symptoms that you experienced after the injury. Your doctor might try putting your leg and knee in different positions to evaluate your condition. You need to let your doctor know if any specific positions hurt the most. Your doctor might suggest a few tests. These could be an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray.

Treatment for ACL Injury

    Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Based on your condition, your doctor may recommend treatment. This will help in reducing the pain and managing the symptoms. You may be asked to use crutches. These are braces that help to secure and stabilise your knee. You may also be asked to take OTC painkillers. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your physician will also ask you to perform certain exercises that will help in elevating your symptoms. Physical therapy is key to treating any kind of injury. ACL tear cannot mend on its own. But you can manage it if the injury is not very severe. However, you will require surgery to repair your ACL if you are an athlete or wish to resume physical activity. ACL operation is the most common option for treating an ACL tear. An ACL reconstruction may also be suggested based on the severity of the injury. ACL repair surgery to repair the damaged knee is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. You can return home the same day after the ACL surgery. Your surgeon will do a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to fix the tear inside your knee.

Prevention of ACL injury

    Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. 1. When participating in sports or physical activities: 2. Make sure you are wearing the appropriate clothing. 3. Do not play through your pain if you have injured your knees during or after physical activity. 4. Give your body time to relax and heal following an intense exercise regimen. 5. Stretch, unwind, and warm up before working out or playing sports. 6. Stretch and relax following a workout. Join programmes during the off-season to strengthen your lower body and knees. This will lessen the strain on your knees while you play sports. The following safety recommendations must be followed in order to lower your chance of suffering an ACL injury. 1. Do not plant your foot and turn over your knee. This is the most common cause of meniscus and ACL injuries in athletes. 2. Make use of a cane or a walker if you have trouble walking or are at risk of falling. 3. Make sure nothing in your home or workplace could trip you. 4. Always use the right tools or equipment when reaching for items around the house. 5. Avoid standing on tables, chairs, or countertops.

Post-surgery Procedure

    1. Immediate Postoperative Care: Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, patients usually receive instructions on wound care and pain management. 2. Start of Physical Therapy: To regain range of motion, strengthen muscles, and restore function, physical therapy begins soon after the ACL operation. The emphasis may be on mild exercises at first, then progress gradually. 3. Bracing and Support: A knee brace may be used initially to provide support based on the surgeon's recommendation. Its duration of use varies. 4. Weight-Bearing Progression: Under the supervision of a physical therapist, a gradual introduction of weight-bearing activities takes place, progressing from non-weight-bearing to partial and full weight-bearing. 5. Activity Graduation: Returning to regular activities and sports is a gradual process. The physical therapist and surgeon frequently supervise the patient's recovery goals and progress. 6. Follow-up Appointments: To track development, address concerns, and modify the rehabilitation plan as necessary, follow-up appointments with the surgeon and physical therapist are crucial.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: The recovery time varies but usually takes six to twelve months. Patients receive progressive physical therapy after the initial healing phase to restore their strength and function.

Ans: Strength training, using the correct form, and participating in conditioning programs can significantly lower the risk of ACL injuries, though there is no guarantee. During activities, it is essential to be aware of your body mechanics.

Ans: Not every time. The decision is influenced by the degree of the injury, lifestyle, and activity objectives. Bracing and physical therapy are non-surgical interventions that can help some people recover.

Ans: Returning to sports can happen anywhere from six to twelve months after surgery, depending on the patient's recovery, the extent of the rehabilitation, and the demands of the particular sport.