Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens (male hormones) in femalesSigns and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin.Associated conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer. This is the leading cause of infertility in India.

Uterine diseases are also known as endometriosis. They are conditions affecting the uterus or reproductive system. Some common uterine issues faced by patients are uterine fibroid, uterine prolapse and uterine tuberculosis. They can be treated with the help of medications, surgery and exercises.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process that is helpful in fertilization, embryo maturation, and implantation, to help the patient conceive. VF is also known as test tube baby procedure.

Artificial insemination is the process of deposition of the male semen sample in the women uterus, which was prepared previously. It is done to increase the potency of the sperm so that the egg is fertilized. This will decrease the distance between ovum and sperm so that conception is possible. The semen can be donated or taken from the male partner.

It is usually diagnosed with the help of semen analysis, testicular biopsy, scrotal ultrasound, genetic tests, and Post-ejaculation urinalysis. The treatments for male infertility include surgery, medications and assisted reproductive technology.

The medical causes of low sperm count can be infections, varicocele, sperm attacking antibodies, tumor, chromosome defects, etc. If the patient wishes to protect his fertility then he shall not smoke, limit drinking habits, maintain a healthy diet and exercise.

The treatment may depend on various factors like the age of the patient, the tenure of infertility and cause of infertility. the common tests for female infertility will include hysterosalpingography, ovulation testing, hormone testing, etc.

Primary infertility, refers to a condition where the couple has never been able to conceive.

Secondary infertility indicates that the couple has been through pregnancy before but has failed to conceive later on. Mostly the causes of secondary infertility are found in men due to weakened sperm production, function or delivery.