Urology focuses on diagnosing and treating conditions related to the urinary tract and the male reproductive system. Common urological conditions include urinary tract infections (UTIs), which cause pain and frequent urination, and kidney stones, small mineral deposits that can block the urinary tract and cause severe pain. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is another frequent condition in older men, where an enlarged prostate leads to urinary difficulties. Other urological disorders include incontinence, the inability to control urination, and erectile dysfunction (ED), affecting men’s sexual health. Prostate cancer and bladder cancer are serious urological conditions requiring specialized treatments. Urologists also manage kidney diseases, urinary obstructions, and male infertility. Treatments vary, from medications and lifestyle changes to surgeries like prostatectomy, lithotripsy for kidney stones, or minimally invasive procedures to restore urinary function and improve quality of life.