ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Vellore

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that joins your thigh bone to your shinbone is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. A tear or sprain of the ACL results in an ACL injury. ACL damage causes people to feel as though something is popping. The upper and lower legs are joined by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PCL facilitates seamless knee movement by holding the bones in position. The PCL gets injured when there is a tearing or sprain.

ACL Injury: Causes

Sports and fitness activities can result in ACL injuries. These include tasks that call for abrupt stops or direction changes. ACL injuries are frequent among athletes who play basketball, football, soccer, etc. The main ACL injury causes include: 1. Abrupt shifts in orientation 2. Abrupt halting 3. Abrupt stops and slowing down 4. Rotating while keeping a steady foot 5. Uncomfortable landing following a jump 6. Direct hits to the knee or collisions with objects

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

Following are the signs and symptoms of ACL injury: 1. Sudden sensation or sound of popping in the knee 2. Severe pain 3. Sudden swelling 4. Limited movement 5. Feeling of giving way or instability when bearing weight Most patients with ACL injuries can experience excruciating pain. However, some patients only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you might have hurt your knee. Do not disregard your condition, particularly if you experience or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

Your ACL injuries may often be graded by your doctor. The grading is dependent on the extent of the injury. ACL injuries are categorised into grades I through III. Grade I injuries are those that are extremely minor. A Grade III injury is considered to be more serious. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade I: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade II: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3 Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. Talk to your physician if you have any doubts regarding the type of ACL injury you are suffering from. This will help you better manage your condition.

When to See the Doctor?

Talk to your doctor if you think you may have an ACL injury. Keep an eye out for the ACL injury symptoms mentioned above. Get your doctor's attention on it right away if you have any of the above-mentioned symptoms. Early diagnosis means early management and treatment of your illness. Do not hesitate to schedule an appointment with your doctor if you think you have an ACL injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

ACL injury is first diagnosed using a thorough physical examination. A few tests may also be recommended by your physician. Your doctor may start by asking you questions regarding your symptoms. What you were doing prior to the onset of any injury-related symptoms must be disclosed to your doctor. Your doctor may also want to know about the early symptoms you had following the injury. Your doctor may try adjusting the position of your leg and knee to assess your condition. You should let your doctor know if there are particular positions that hurt more than others. Your doctor may also recommend a few tests. These may include an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Different treatment options are available depending on the severity of your ACL tear. Additional damage inside your knee is also taken into account while making ACL tear treatment choices. You must not engage yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: 1. Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. 2. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. 3. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. 4. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. You may be recommended a course of action depending on your condition. This will help to reduce the pain and manage the symptoms. Your doctor may even ask you to use crutches. The knee is stabilised and secured with the help of these braces. Your doctor may also suggest over-the-counter pain relievers. These might include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your doctor might advise you to perform particular exercises to help manage your symptoms. Physical therapy is a fundamental component of any injury treatment programme. ACL tears do not recover on their own. You can, however, manage your condition if your injury is not too serious. Some people may require surgery to repair the ACL if the individual is an athlete or wishes to resume exercising. An ACL operation is the most common method of treating an ACL tear. The procedure for ACL repair is performed in outpatient care. The ACL surgery facilitates the healing process of the knees. You are allowed to return home the day following the procedure. Your surgeon will perform a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to repair your torn knee ligament.

Prevention of ACL injury

Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch, and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out 6. Take the help of programs to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. You must follow the following safety tips to lower your chances of having an ACL injury: 1. Refrain from putting your foot down and turning over your knee. This is the most common cause of meniscus and ACL injuries among athletes in this way. 2. Ensure that nothing could trip you or others in your home or workspace. 3. Always use the appropriate tools or equipment when reaching for objects at home. 4. Never stand on countertops or tables or chairs. 5. Take the support of a walker or a cane if you have trouble walking or are more likely to fall.

Post-surgery Procedure

Ensure that you get all the necessary care after your ACL tear surgery. The ACL injury recovery time after the surgery is around 6 to 9 months. Regaining their normalcy and returning to their sport may take longer for some athletes. Follow your doctor's instructions about physical activity. These exercises will help you restore your natural range of motion. It will also prevent the formation of blood clots. It is usually expected of patients to raise their legs without assistance in the first week after the surgery. Physical therapy usually starts seven to fourteen days after the surgery. Follow your doctor's suggestions when taking pain medication. Take note of your body temperature. Inform your doctor if you have a persistent fever that does not go down. Do not be afraid to let your doctor know if you experience any issues following the procedure.