ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Vatakara

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a tissue that connects your thigh bone and the shinbone. ACL stabilises the knee joint. ACL injury, meaning, an injury that occurs when there is a sprain or tear of the ACL. ACL injury makes people experience a popping sensation. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) joins the upper and the lower leg. It helps the knee to move smoothly by keeping the bones in place. PCL injury occurs when there is a sprain or tear of the PCL.

ACL Injury: Causes

Sports and fitness activities can result in ACL injuries. These include tasks that call for abrupt stops or direction changes. ACL injuries are frequent among athletes who play basketball, football, soccer, etc. The main ACL injury causes include: 1. Abrupt shifts in orientation 2. Abrupt halting 3. Abrupt stops and slowing down 4. Rotating while keeping a steady foot 5. Uncomfortable landing following a jump 6. Direct hits to the knee or collisions with objects

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

Following are the signs and symptoms of ACL injury: 1. Sudden sensation or sound of popping in the knee 2. Severe pain 3. Sudden swelling 4. Limited movement 5. Feeling of giving way or instability when bearing weight Most patients with ACL injuries can experience excruciating pain. However, some patients only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you might have hurt your knee. Do not disregard your condition, particularly if you experience or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

Your physician may frequently assign a grade for your ACL injuries. The degree of the injury determines the grading. Grades for ACL injuries range from I to III. A very minor injury is classified as Grade I. A more serious injury is called a Grade III injury. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade I: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade II: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. Talk to your physician if you have any doubts regarding the type of ACL injury you are suffering from. This will help you better manage your condition.

When to See the Doctor?

You must see your doctor if you experience any of the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Your condition may need your doctor’s attention, especially if you experience pain. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate early treatment. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

A thorough physical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of ACL injury. Your doctor might also suggest a few tests. You may be first asked questions by your healthcare provider about your symptoms. Your doctor requires you to know what you were doing before any injury-related symptoms appeared. Your physician might also inquire about the initial symptoms that you experienced after the injury. Your doctor might try putting your leg and knee in different positions to evaluate your condition. You need to let your doctor know if there are specific positions that hurt the most. A few investigations might be indicated by your doctor. These could be an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Different treatment options are available depending on the severity of your ACL tear. Additional damage inside your knee is also taken into account while making ACL tear treatment choices. You must not engage yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: 1. Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. 2. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. 3. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. 4. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. You may be recommended a course of action depending on your condition. This will help to reduce the pain and manage the symptoms. Your doctor may even ask you to use crutches. The knee is stabilised and secured with the help of these braces. Your doctor may also suggest over-the-counter pain relievers. These might include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your doctor might advise you to perform particular exercises to help manage your symptoms. Physical therapy is a fundamental component of any injury treatment programme. ACL tears do not recover on their own. You can, however, manage your condition if your injury is not too serious. Some people may require surgery to repair the ACL if the individual is an athlete or wishes to resume exercising. An ACL operation is the most common method of treating an ACL tear. The procedure for ACL repair is performed in outpatient care. The ACL surgery facilitates the healing process of the knees. You are allowed to return home the day following the procedure. Your surgeon will perform a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to repair your torn knee ligament.

Prevention of ACL injury

Strengthening leg muscles through targeted exercises, focusing on the quadriceps, hamstrings, and core, can help prevent ACL injuries. Include agility and balance training in your exercise regimen. When participating in sports, use proper technique, particularly when jumping, cutting, or pivoting. Pay attention to the playing surfaces and wear appropriate shoes for the activity. To address biomechanical differences, implement neuromuscular training programs, especially for female athletes. Give warm-up exercises top priority before playing sports, with a focus on dynamic stretching. Additionally, think about speaking with a sports medicine specialist for individualised injury prevention strategies catered to your unique needs and activities. Even though many procedures are available in the public and private hospitals, it's better to prevent the wear and tear of ACL by incorporating healthy habits.

Post-surgery Procedure

Make sure you take all the required care after your ACL tear surgery. The ACL injury recovery time after the surgery is around 6 to 9 months. Some athletes may take longer to get back to normal and resume their sport. Observe what your doctor has prescribed. Exercise as your doctor recommended. You will regain your normal range of motion with these exercises. It will also stop blood clots from forming. Patients are typically expected to raise their legs on their own without assistance. Physical therapy typically begins seven to fourteen days after the surgery. Take your pain medicines as recommended by your doctor. Pay attention to the temperature of your body. Let your doctor know if you experience a persistent fever that does not go down. Do not hesitate to inform your doctor if you face any problems after the surgery.