ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Tirupati

Condition

What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that connects the thigh to the shin is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. An ACL tear or sprain causes an ACL injury. An ACL injury makes people feel like something is popping. The upper and lower limbs are connected by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PCL holds the bones in place, facilitating the smooth movement of the knees. A PCL injury occurs when the PCL is torn or sprained.

ACL Injury: Causes

Abrupt twisting, direct strikes, or excessive knee extension frequently bring on Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries: 1. Athletic Events: ACL injuries are common in sports involving jumping, sudden stops, and direction changes. Common offenders include football, basketball, soccer, and skiing. 2. Technical Elements: Ankle strains can result from improper cutting or pivoting movements, sudden stops, and poor landing mechanics during jumps. 3. Biomechanical Problems: The ACL may be severely strained when there is excessive valgus stress (inward collapse) on the knee, which frequently occurs when pivoting or cutting. Weak supporting muscles exacerbate this weakness. 4. Differences in Gender: Because of differences in anatomy and neuromuscular function, such as wider hips and altered landing mechanics, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. 5. C...

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Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

1. Direct Pain: An abrupt, intense pain in the knee at the time of the injury is frequently indicative of an ACL injury. 2. Emulation: Blood clots within the joint cause swelling quickly, resulting in a painful and noticeable bulge around the knee. 3. Indecision: People may feel instability or that their knee is giving way significantly when they are pivoting or making abrupt changes in direction. 4. Trouble Putting on Weight: It's common to have trouble bearing weight on the injured leg, which adds discomfort and instability. This is particularly apparent when engaging in knee-stressing activities. 5. Popping Noise: Some people claim to have heard a popping sound at the injury scene, which could be a sign of tearing. 6. Reduced Flexibility: ACL injuries frequently cause joint stiffness and tightness in the affected area, as well as limitations in the knee's ability to fully bend or straighten. 7. Looseness or Laxity: Enhanced laxity or a loose sensation in the injured knee can exacerbate the feeling of instability. 8. Ecchymosis (bruising): Bleeding in the surrounding tissues or within the joint can cause bruises around the knee. The days that follow the injury show more of this discolouration. 9. Delayed Manifestations: While some symptoms appear immediately, others, like severe swelling and bruises, might take longer to show up in the days after the injury. 10. Intensity Variation: The degree of the ACL injury can affect how severe the symptoms are. While more severe injuries can cause significant pain, extensive swelling, and noticeable instability, milder cases may only show minimal swelling and discomfort.

Types of ACL injuries

Depending on their severity and degree of ligament damage, ACL injuries usually fall into one of several categories: 1. Sprains: Mild ACL injuries cause the ligament to stretch or partially tear without completely rupturing. They frequently cause localised oedema and pain. 2. Some Tears: The ACL is harmed but not torn in partial tears. The degree to which this kind of impacts stability and function varies.

When to See the Doctor?

See your doctor if you suspect an ACL injury. Be vigilant about the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Immediately draw your doctor’s attention if needed. Early diagnosis will result in early treatment and management of your condition. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

A clinical examination that evaluates knee stability, range of motion, and swelling is required to diagnose an ACL injury. Orthopaedic specialists can order an MRI to obtain fine-grained ligament imaging. Bone fractures could be ruled out with X-rays. A thorough diagnosis is probable when imaging is paired with clinical evaluation. Finding the best course of action, whether it entails non-surgical methods like physical therapy or surgical procedures like ACL reconstruction surgery, requires speaking with a healthcare professional for a timely and precise diagnosis.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Based on your condition, your doctor may recommend treatment. This will help in reducing the pain and managing the symptoms. You may be asked to use crutches. These are braces that help to secure and stabilise your knee. You may also be asked to take OTC painkillers. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your physician will also ask you to perform certain exercises that will help in elevating your symptoms. Physical therapy is key to treating any kind of injury. ACL tear cannot mend on its own. But you can manage it if the injury is not very severe. However, you will require surgery to repair your ACL if you are an athlete or wish to resume physical activity. ACL operation is the most common option for treating an ACL tear. An ACL reconstruction may also be suggested based on the severity of the injury. ACL repair surgery to repair the damaged knee is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. You can return home the same day after the ACL surgery. Your surgeon will do a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to fix the tear inside your knee.

Prevention of ACL injury

Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out 6. Take the help of programmes to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. You must comply with the following safety advice in order to reduce your risk of suffering an ACL injury. 1. Avoid planting the foot and pivoting over the knee. This is the most frequent reason why athletes sustain meniscus and ACL injuries. 2. Check your home or workspace to make sure nothing could trip you. 3. Make sure you always use the proper tools or equipment when reaching for items around the house. 4. Avoid standing on tables, chairs, or countertops. 5. Use a walker or cane if you have difficulty walking or are at risk of falling.

Post-surgery Procedure

1. Immediate Postoperative Care: Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, patients usually receive instructions on wound care and pain management. 2. Start of Physical Therapy: To regain range of motion, strengthen muscles, and restore function, physical therapy begins soon after the ACL operation. The emphasis may be on mild exercises at first, then progress gradually. 3. Bracing and Support: A knee brace may be used initially to provide support based on the surgeon's recommendation. Its duration of use varies. 4. Weight-Bearing Progression: Under the supervision of a physical therapist, a gradual introduction of weight-bearing activities takes place, progressing from non-weight-bearing to partial and full weight-bearing. 5. Activity Graduation: Returning to regular activities and sports is a gradual process. The physical therapist and surgeon frequently supervise the patient's recovery goals and progress. 6. Follow-up Appointments: To track development, address concerns, and modify the rehabilitation plan as necessary, follow-up appointments with the surgeon and physical therapist are crucial.