ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Thrissur

Condition

What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that connects the thigh to the shin is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. An ACL tear or sprain causes an ACL injury. An ACL injury makes people feel like something is popping. The upper and lower limbs are connected by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PCL holds the bones in place, facilitating the smooth movement of the knees. A PCL injury occurs when the PCL is torn or sprained.

ACL Injury: Causes

Abrupt twisting, direct strikes, or excessive knee extension frequently bring on Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries: 1. Athletic Events: ACL injuries are common in sports involving jumping, sudden stops, and direction changes. Common offenders include football, basketball, soccer, and skiing. 2. Technical Elements: Ankle strains can result from improper cutting or pivoting movements, sudden stops, and poor landing mechanics during jumps. 3. Biomechanical Problems: The ACL may be severely strained when there is excessive valgus stress (inward collapse) on the knee, which frequently occurs when pivoting or cutting. Weak supporting muscles exacerbate this weakness. 4. Differences in Gender: Because of differences in anatomy and neuromuscular function, such as wider hips and altered landing mechanics, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. 5. C...

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Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

1. Immediate Pain and Swelling: ACL injuries frequently result in acute, palpable pain and knee swelling. 2. Popping Sensation: Many people say that they heard or felt a popping sound right after getting hurt. 3. Joint Instability: When performing weight-bearing activities, the knee may feel unstable and give way. 4. Bruising: Over time, bruises may appear around the knee, signifying internal bleeding. 5. Reduced Range of Motion: People may find it difficult to bend or straighten their knee, which results in a restricted range of motion. 6. Tenderness: Commonly, there is tenderness along the joint line, and specific movements may cause pain. 7. Walking Difficulty: Walking or bearing weight on the affected leg may be challenging due to pain and instability in that leg. 8. Increased Joint Laxity: People with an affected knee joint may experience increased laxity or looseness.

Types of ACL injuries

Your doctor may often grade the ACL injuries. The grading depends on the severity of the injury. The ACL injury is graded from I to III. Grade I describes a very less severe injury. Grade III indicates a more severe injury. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade 1: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade 2: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. If you have any queries regarding the type of ACL injury, talk to your doctor to better understand your condition.

When to See the Doctor?

You must see your doctor if you experience any of the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Your condition may need your doctor’s attention, especially if you experience pain. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate early treatment. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

A clinical examination that evaluates knee stability, range of motion, and swelling is required to diagnose an ACL injury. Orthopaedic specialists can order an MRI to obtain fine-grained ligament imaging. Bone fractures could be ruled out with X-rays. A thorough diagnosis is probable when imaging is paired with clinical evaluation. Finding the best course of action, whether it entails non-surgical methods like physical therapy or surgical procedures like ACL reconstruction surgery, requires speaking with a healthcare professional for a timely and precise diagnosis.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Based on your condition, your doctor may recommend treatment. This will help in reducing the pain and managing the symptoms. You may be asked to use crutches. These are braces that help to secure and stabilise your knee. You may also be asked to take OTC painkillers. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your physician will also ask you to perform certain exercises that will help in elevating your symptoms. Physical therapy is key to treating any kind of injury. ACL tear cannot mend on its own. But you can manage it if the injury is not very severe. However, you will require surgery to repair your ACL if you are an athlete or wish to resume physical activity. ACL operation is the most common option for treating an ACL tear. An ACL reconstruction may also be suggested based on the severity of the injury. ACL repair surgery to repair the damaged knee is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. You can return home the same day after the ACL surgery. Your surgeon will do a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to fix the tear inside your knee.

Prevention of ACL injury

Strengthening leg muscles through targeted exercises, focusing on the quadriceps, hamstrings, and core, can help prevent ACL injuries. Include agility and balance training in your exercise regimen. When participating in sports, use proper technique, particularly when jumping, cutting, or pivoting. Pay attention to the playing surfaces and wear appropriate shoes for the activity. To address biomechanical differences, implement neuromuscular training programs, especially for female athletes. Give warm-up exercises top priority before playing sports, with a focus on dynamic stretching. Additionally, think about speaking with a sports medicine specialist for individualised injury prevention strategies catered to your unique needs and activities. Even though many procedures are available in the public and private hospitals, it's better to prevent the wear and tear of ACL by incorporating healthy habits.

Post-surgery Procedure

Follow the rehabilitation guidelines created by your orthopaedic surgeon and physical therapist after undergoing ACL surgery. Start by using ice and prescribed medication to reduce swelling and manage pain. As directed by your healthcare team, start with mild range-of-motion exercises and work up to strengthening exercises. Reintroduce weight-bearing activities and sports-specific training gradually. Attend physical therapy sessions regularly to track your progress and make necessary adjustments to the rehabilitation plan. Observe all post-operative guidelines about the use of braces, limitations on weight bearing, and degree of activity. Maintaining regular contact with your medical team is crucial to a full recovery following ACL reconstruction.