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ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Mysore

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Amitabh Bachchan

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that joins your thigh bone to your shinbone is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. A tear or sprain of the ACL results in an ACL injury. ACL damage causes people to feel as though something is popping. The upper and lower legs are joined by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PCL facilitates seamless knee movement by holding the bones in position. The PCL gets injured when there is a tearing or sprain.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injuries can occur during exercise or athletic activity. These include tasks that require sudden stops or changes in direction. ACL injuries are common in athletes who play football, basketball, soccer, and other contact sports. The following are the ACL injury causes: 1. Abrupt direction changes 2. Abrupt braking or slowing down 3. Turning while maintaining a steady foot 4. Awkward landing after a jump ·5. Abrupt stopping 6. Direct strikes to the knee or collisions with objects

Who is at Risk?

    ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

    The following are typical symptoms and signs of an ACL tear: 1. A sudden "popping" sound in the knee ·2. ntense pain and lack of mobility 3. Sudden inflammation 4. Limited range of motion 5. Feeling of instability or giving way when bearing weight ACL injuries can result in severe pain. However, some patients only feel slight discomfort. Consult your physician if you believe you may have injured your knee. Do not ignore your condition, particularly if you feel or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

    Your doctor may often grade the ACL injuries. The grading depends on the severity of the injury. The ACL injury is graded from I to III. Grade I describes a very less severe injury. Grade III indicates a more severe injury. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade 1: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade 2: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. If you have any queries regarding the type of ACL injury, talk to your doctor to better understand your condition.

When to See the Doctor?

    If you have symptoms of an ACL injury, such as severe knee pain, swelling, instability, or trouble bearing weight, get medical help immediately. Speaking with a healthcare provider is essential for a precise diagnosis and customised treatment plan, which may involve ACL operation. Seeking early medical assistance guarantees appropriate management and timely intervention for ACL injuries. Early medical evaluation increases the likelihood of a full recovery by enabling an accurate diagnosis and prompt initiation of the proper treatment. Getting medical help when you suspect an ACL injury can help avoid complications and facilitate a more successful recovery process. For a customised treatment plan that considers general health, lifestyle, and treatment objectives, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

    ACL injury is first diagnosed using a thorough physical examination. A few tests may also be recommended by your physician. Your doctor may start by asking you questions regarding your symptoms. What you were doing prior to the onset of any injury-related symptoms must be disclosed to your doctor. Your doctor may also want to know about the early symptoms you had following the injury. Your doctor may try adjusting the position of your leg and knee to assess your condition. You should let your doctor know if there are particular positions that hurt more than others. Your doctor may also recommend a few tests. These may include an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

    Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Your doctor might suggest a course of treatment based on your condition. This wil l assist in managing the symptoms and lessening the pain. You may be asked to use crutches. These braces aid in stabilising and securing the knee. OTC painkillers might also be recommended by your doctor. These could consist of paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Your doctor may ask you to engage in specific exercises that will help reduce your symptoms. The foundation of any injury treatment programme is physical therapy. An ACL tear cannot heal by itself. But you can manage it if you have the injury is not very severe. If you are an athlete or want to start exercising again, you will need surgery to repair your ACL. The most popular way of treating an ACL tear is through an ACL operation. The ACL surgery is done in the outpatient setting. It helps to repair the damaged knee. You can go back home on the same day after the surgery. Your knee tear will be repaired by your surgeon using a minimally invasive technique known as knee arthroscopy.

Prevention of ACL injury

    Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out 6. Take the help of programmes to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. You must comply with the following safety advice in order to reduce your risk of suffering an ACL injury. 1. Avoid planting the foot and pivoting over the knee. This is the most frequent reason why athletes sustain meniscus and ACL injuries. 2. Check your home or workspace to make sure nothing could trip you. 3. Make sure you always use the proper tools or equipment when reaching for items around the house. 4. Avoid standing on tables, chairs, or countertops. 5. Use a walker or cane if you have difficulty walking or are at risk of falling.

Post-surgery Procedure

    1. Immediate Postoperative Care: Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, patients usually receive instructions on wound care and pain management. 2. Start of Physical Therapy: To regain range of motion, strengthen muscles, and restore function, physical therapy begins soon after the ACL operation. The emphasis may be on mild exercises at first, then progress gradually. 3. Bracing and Support: A knee brace may be used initially to provide support based on the surgeon's recommendation. Its duration of use varies. 4. Weight-Bearing Progression: Under the supervision of a physical therapist, a gradual introduction of weight-bearing activities takes place, progressing from non-weight-bearing to partial and full weight-bearing. 5. Activity Graduation: Returning to regular activities and sports is a gradual process. The physical therapist and surgeon frequently supervise the patient's recovery goals and progress. 6. Follow-up Appointments: To track development, address concerns, and modify the rehabilitation plan as necessary, follow-up appointments with the surgeon and physical therapist are crucial.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: Although recovery times vary, they usually take six to nine months.

Ans: ACL surgery is the best chance of recovery for complete tears; however, partial tears may respond to non-surgical treatments.

Ans: Indeed, following ACL surgery, physical therapy is essential for regaining function, strength, and flexibility.

Ans: Although entirely avoidable, the risk of ACL injuries can be decreased with strengthening exercises, appropriate technique, and neuromuscular training.