Gallstones Surgery in
Kalyan-Dombivali

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Gallstones: What Is It?

Gallstones are tiny crystal-like structures formed in the gallbladder, found just below the liver. The gallbladder is the storage space for bile juice, a digestion-aiding liquid secreted by the liver. Many factors lead to gallstones. These include excess cholesterol or bilirubin in the bile juice secreted in the gallbladder. When these gallstones block the flow of bile juice, it results in extreme pain. Gallstones are treated with gallstone surgery.

Gallstones : Causes

Gallstone formation, known as cholelithiasis, is primarily caused by an imbalance in the constituents of bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. This imbalance can lead to the crystallization of cholesterol or bilirubin, forming stones within the gallbladder. Common causes include a high intake of saturated fats and cholesterol-rich foods, obesity, rapid weight loss, hormonal influences (especially in women), and genetic predisposition. Additionally, underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and certain gastrointestinal disorders can contribute to the development of gallstones.

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Symptoms of Gallstones

Initial symptoms of gallstones may not be obvious. They occur when the case is a bit serious, like, when a gallstone blocks the bile duct, it can result in the following gallbladder stone symptoms: - Sudden and extreme pain in the upper right side of the abdomen - Severe pain in the center of the abdomen, under the breastbone - Pain between the shoulder blades - Pain in the right shoulder - Nausea or vomiting Gallstones pain can last from a few minutes to a few hours.

How to Diagnose Gallstones?

The diagnosis of gallstone disease or gallbladder stones is made with the help of specific tests and procedures. The two most common tests include: Abdominal ultrasound: The most common test to detect gallstone disease is the abdominal ultrasound. A transducer probes the stomach region, moving back and forth and producing signals. These signals are converted into images of gallstones by the computer. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): A small, flexible tube called an endoscope is passed into the digestive tract through the mouth. A transducer present in the tube produces sound waves. These are converted into images. Other tests: Gallstones are also detected using other imaging tests such as Oral Cholecystography, Magnetic Resonance Cholangio Pancreatography (MRCP), Computerized Tomography (CT), and Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid (HIDA) scan. Gallstones detected using Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) can also be removed during the assessment. Blood tests: Some blood tests can also be done to detect the complications of gallstones, including infection, gallstone pancreatitis, jaundice, etc.

What Is the Treatment for Gallstones?

Gallbladder removal or cholecystectomy: Your doctor may recommend cholecystectomy as the gallstones keep recurring. Removal of the gall bladder does not affect survival. One can live without a gallbladder. The liver will secrete the bile directly into the small intestine instead of storing it in the gallbladder. Medications to dissolve the gallstone: Certain medications dissolve the gallstones. However, the dissolution may take months or years. The gallstone may recur after the treatment is stopped.

When Will The Doctor Suggest Surgery?

A gallstone or gallbladder surgery may be recommended when the gallbladder is severely swollen or infected. Two types of surgeries are commonly performed i.e. a laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) or an open surgery (open cholecystectomy).