ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Kalpetta

Condition

What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that connects the thigh to the shin is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. An ACL tear or sprain causes an ACL injury. An ACL injury makes people feel like something is popping. The upper and lower limbs are connected by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PCL holds the bones in place, facilitating the smooth movement of the knees. A PCL injury occurs when the PCL is torn or sprained.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injuries happen when playing sports or working out. These consist of tasks that call for abrupt stops or direction changes. ACL injuries are frequent among athletes who play basketball, football, soccer, etc. The main ACL injury causes include: 1. Abruptly stopping 2. Sudden change in the direction 3. Sudden stopping or slowing down 4. Turning while keeping the foot steady 5. Awkwardly landing after a jump 6. Getting struck in the knee directly or colliding with something

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

The typical signs and symptoms of an ACL tear are as follows: 1. A loud snap or a feeling of "popping" in the knee 2. Extreme discomfort and incapacity to carry out activities 3. Rapid inflammation 4. Reduction in range of motion 5. The sensation of giving way or instability when bearing weight Although ACL injuries can cause excruciating pain, some people only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you may have hurt your knee. You should see your doctor, especially if you feel or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

It is common for your doctor to grade your ACL injuries. The grading is based on the severity of the injury. ACL injuries are graded from I to III. Grade I injuries are those that are extremely minor. A Grade III injury is considered to be more serious. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade I: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade II: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. Co nsult your doctor if you are unsure about the specific type of ACL injury you have. This will help you and your doctor to manage your condition better.

When to See the Doctor?

You must visit a doctor right away if you think you may have an ACL injury. If you have symptoms like sharp pain, swelling, joint instability, popping sound during injury, or trouble walking, get medical help. Early detection and action reduce the likelihood of side effects and increase the possibility of a successful outcome. For a customised treatment plan that considers general health, lifestyle, and treatment objectives, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

ACL injury is first diagnosed using a thorough physical examination. A few tests may also be recommended by your physician. Your doctor may start by asking you questions regarding your symptoms. What you were doing prior to the onset of any injury-related symptoms must be disclosed to your doctor. Your doctor may also want to know about the early symptoms you had following the injury. Your doctor may try adjusting the position of your leg and knee to assess your condition. You should let your doctor know if there are particular positions that hurt more than others. Your doctor may also recommend a few tests. These may include an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Different treatment options are available depending on the severity of your ACL tear. Additional damage inside your knee is also taken into account while making ACL tear treatments choices. You must not engage yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: 1. Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. 2. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. 3. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. 4. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. A treatment plan may be recommended by your doctor, depending on your condition. This will help control the symptoms and reduce discomfort. You may be advised to use crutches. These braces help in stabilising and securing the knee. Your physician may also suggest over-the-counter pain relievers. These might include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your doctor might advise you to perform certain exercises in order to help you feel better. Physical therapy is the cornerstone of any programme for treating injuries. An ACL tear does not self-heal. You can manage your condition if your injury is not too serious. Some people may need surgery to repair the ACL, especially if the individual is an athlete or wishes to resume exercising. ACL surgery is the most commonly used method of treating an ACL tear. The ACL operation is performed in an outpatient facility. Your surgeon will perform a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to repair your torn knee ligament. This type of surgery enables the healing process of the knees. You are allowed to return home the day following the procedure.

Prevention of ACL injury

Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch, and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out 6. Take the help of programs to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. You must follow the following safety tips to lower your chances of having an ACL injury: 1. Refrain from putting your foot down and turning over your knee. This is the most common cause of meniscus and ACL injuries among athletes in this way. 2. Ensure that nothing could trip you or others in your home or workspace. 3. Always use the appropriate tools or equipment when reaching for objects at home. 4. Never stand on countertops or tables or chairs. 5. Take the support of a walker or a cane if you have trouble walking or are more likely to fall.

Post-surgery Procedure

Follow the rehabilitation guidelines created by your orthopaedic surgeon and physical therapist after undergoing ACL surgery. Start by using ice and prescribed medication to reduce swelling and manage pain. As directed by your healthcare team, start with mild range-of-motion exercises and work up to strengthening exercises. Reintroduce weight-bearing activities and sports-specific training gradually. Attend physical therapy sessions regularly to track your progress and make necessary adjustments to the rehabilitation plan. Observe all post-operative guidelines about the use of braces, limitations on weight bearing, and degree of activity. Maintaining regular contact with your medical team is crucial to a full recovery following ACL reconstruction.