ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Coimbatore

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that joins your thigh bone to your shinbone is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. A tear or sprain of the ACL results in an ACL injury. ACL damage causes people to feel as though something is popping. The upper and lower legs are joined by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PCL facilitates seamless knee movement by holding the bones in position. The PCL gets injured when there is a tearing or sprain.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injury is common among individuals who play sports or are involved in fitness activities. These include activities that call for abrupt stops or direction changes. ACL injuries are common if you are involved in soccer, football, basketball, etc. The main ACL injury causes include: 1. Sudden change in the direction 2. Sudden stopping or slowing down 3. Turning while keeping the foot steady 4. Awkwardly landing after a jump 5. Abruptly stopping 6. Getting struck in the knee directly or colliding with something

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

The signs and symptoms of ACL injury are mentioned below: 1. A sudden sound or sensation of "popping" in the knee 2. Excruciating pain 3. Sudden swelling 4. Limited mobility 5. Feeling of instability or giving way when bearing weight Most people who suffer from ACL injuries experience excruciating pain. Some patients only experience mild discomfort. Consult your physician if you think you might have hurt your knee. Do not ignore your condition, especially if you experience or hear a popping sound in your knee region.

Types of ACL injuries

Depending on their severity and degree of ligament damage, ACL injuries usually fall into one of several categories: 1. Sprains: Mild ACL injuries cause the ligament to stretch or partially tear without completely rupturing. They frequently cause localised oedema and pain. 2. Some Tears: The ACL is harmed but not torn in partial tears. The degree to which this kind of impacts stability and function varies.

When to See the Doctor?

You must see your doctor if you experience any of the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Your condition may need your doctor’s attention, especially if you experience pain. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate early treatment. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

The diagnosis of ACL depends on physical examination. Your doctor may also recommend a few tests. Firstly, your doctor may ask you questions related to your symptoms. You must tell your doctor about the activities you did before experiencing the symptoms of any injury. You may also be asked about the initial symptoms. Your doctor may try moving your leg and knee in certain positions to assess your condition. You must highlight to your doctor if any particular position hurts you the most. Your doctor may recommend a few tests. These may include an X-ray, CT scan or an MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Your doctor might suggest a course of treatment based on your condition. This wil l assist in managing the symptoms and lessening the pain. You may be asked to use crutches. These braces aid in stabilising and securing the knee. OTC painkillers might also be recommended by your doctor. These could consist of paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Your doctor may ask you to engage in specific exercises that will help reduce your symptoms. The foundation of any injury treatment programme is physical therapy. An ACL tear cannot heal by itself. But you can manage it if you have the injury is not very severe. If you are an athlete or want to start exercising again, you will need surgery to repair your ACL. The most popular way of treating an ACL tear is through an ACL operation. The ACL surgery is done in the outpatient setting. It helps to repair the damaged knee. You can go back home on the same day after the surgery. Your knee tear will be repaired by your surgeon using a minimally invasive technique known as knee arthroscopy.

Prevention of ACL injury

Strengthening leg muscles through targeted exercises, focusing on the quadriceps, hamstrings, and core, can help prevent ACL injuries. Include agility and balance training in your exercise regimen. When participating in sports, use proper technique, particularly when jumping, cutting, or pivoting. Pay attention to the playing surfaces and wear appropriate shoes for the activity. To address biomechanical differences, implement neuromuscular training programs, especially for female athletes. Give warm-up exercises top priority before playing sports, with a focus on dynamic stretching. Additionally, think about speaking with a sports medicine specialist for individualised injury prevention strategies catered to your unique needs and activities. Even though many procedures are available in the public and private hospitals, it's better to prevent the wear and tear of ACL by incorporating healthy habits.

Post-surgery Procedure

1. Immediate Postoperative Care: Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, patients usually receive instructions on wound care and pain management. 2. Start of Physical Therapy: To regain range of motion, strengthen muscles, and restore function, physical therapy begins soon after the ACL operation. The emphasis may be on mild exercises at first, then progress gradually. 3. Bracing and Support: A knee brace may be used initially to provide support based on the surgeon's recommendation. Its duration of use varies. 4. Weight-Bearing Progression: Under the supervision of a physical therapist, a gradual introduction of weight-bearing activities takes place, progressing from non-weight-bearing to partial and full weight-bearing. 5. Activity Graduation: Returning to regular activities and sports is a gradual process. The physical therapist and surgeon frequently supervise the patient's recovery goals and progress. 6. Follow-up Appointments: To track development, address concerns, and modify the rehabilitation plan as necessary, follow-up appointments with the surgeon and physical therapist are crucial.