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ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Bhubaneswar

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Amitabh Bachchan

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

The tissue that joins your thigh bone to your shinbone is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL keeps the knee joint stable. A tear or sprain of the ACL results in an ACL injury. ACL damage causes people to feel as though something is popping. The upper and lower legs are joined by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PCL facilitates seamless knee movement by holding the bones in position. The PCL gets injured when there is a tearing or sprain.

ACL Injury: Causes

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are frequently brought on by impacts or abrupt, strong movements that strain the knee joint. Awkward landings from jumps, sudden stops or direction changes, and direct hits to the knee, especially in sports like basketball, skiing, and soccer, are common causes. Improper landing mechanics, improper pivoting, or insufficient muscle strength in the knee area can cause ACL injuries. Hormonal and biomechanical factors may also make female athletes more vulnerable. An increased susceptibility can result from pre-existing conditions like ligament laxity. The range of medical conditions amenable to ACL injury may vary, influenced by the surgical team's expertise and the healthcare infrastructure available

Who is at Risk?

    ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

    1. Direct Pain: An abrupt, intense pain in the knee at the time of the injury is frequently indicative of an ACL injury. 2. Emulation: Blood clots within the joint cause swelling quickly, resulting in a painful and noticeable bulge around the knee. 3. Indecision: People may feel instability or that their knee is giving way significantly when they are pivoting or making abrupt changes in direction. 4. Trouble Putting on Weight: It's common to have trouble bearing weight on the injured leg, which adds discomfort and instability. This is particularly apparent when engaging in knee-stressing activities. 5. Popping Noise: Some people claim to have heard a popping sound at the injury scene, which could be a sign of tearing. 6. Reduced Flexibility: ACL injuries frequently cause joint stiffness and tightness in the affected area, as well as limitations in the knee's ability to fully bend or straighten. 7. Looseness or Laxity: Enhanced laxity or a loose sensation in the injured knee can exacerbate the feeling of instability. 8. Ecchymosis (bruising): Bleeding in the surrounding tissues or within the joint can cause bruises around the knee. The days that follow the injury show more of this discolouration. 9. Delayed Manifestations: While some symptoms appear immediately, others, like severe swelling and bruises, might take longer to show up in the days after the injury. 10. Intensity Variation: The degree of the ACL injury can affect how severe the symptoms are. While more severe injuries can cause significant pain, extensive swelling, and noticeable instability, milder cases may only show minimal swelling and discomfort.

Types of ACL injuries

    Depending on their severity and degree of ligament damage, ACL injuries usually fall into one of several categories: 1. Sprains: Mild ACL injuries cause the ligament to stretch or partially tear without completely rupturing. They frequently cause localised oedema and pain. 2. Some Tears: The ACL is harmed but not torn in partial tears. The degree to which this kind of impacts stability and function varies.

When to See the Doctor?

    Talk to your doctor if you think you may have an ACL injury. Keep an eye out for the ACL injury symptoms mentioned above. Get your doctor's attention on it right away if you have any of the above-mentioned symptoms. Early diagnosis means early management and treatment of your illness. Do not hesitate to schedule an appointment with your doctor if you think you have an ACL injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

    An extensive physical examination is used to initially diagnose ACL injury. Your doctor might also recommend a few tests. Your doctor might start by getting information from you about your symptoms. You need to tell your doctor what you were doing before you experienced symptoms related to your injury. Your early post-injury symptoms may also be of interest to your doctor. Your physician might attempt to evaluate your condition by repositioning your leg and knee. You should inform your physician if certain positions cause you more pain than others. Further tests may also be suggested by your physician. These may include an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

    Different treatment options are available depending on the severity of your ACL tear. Additional damage inside your knee is also taken into account while making ACL tear treatments choices. You must not engage yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: 1. Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. 2. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. 3. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. 4. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. A treatment plan may be recommended by your doctor, depending on your condition. This will help control the symptoms and reduce discomfort. You may be advised to use crutches. These braces help in stabilising and securing the knee. Your physician may also suggest over-the-counter pain relievers. These might include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your doctor might advise you to perform certain exercises in order to help you feel better. Physical therapy is the cornerstone of any programme for treating injuries. An ACL tear does not self-heal. You can manage your condition if your injury is not too serious. Some people may need surgery to repair the ACL, especially if the individual is an athlete or wishes to resume exercising. ACL surgery is the most commonly used method of treating an ACL tear. The ACL operation is performed in an outpatient facility. Your surgeon will perform a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to repair your torn knee ligament. This type of surgery enables the healing process of the knees. You are allowed to return home the day following the procedure.

Prevention of ACL injury

    Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out Take the help of programmes to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. 1. You must comply with the following safety advice in order to reduce your risk of suffering an ACL injury. 2. Avoid planting the foot and pivoting over the knee. This is the most frequent reason why athletes sustain meniscus and ACL injuries. 3. Check your home or workspace to make sure nothing could trip you. 4. Make sure you always use the proper tools or equipment when reaching for items around the house. 5. Avoid standing on tables, chairs, or countertops. 6. Use a walker or cane if you have difficulty walking or are at risk of falling.

Post-surgery Procedure

    Ensure that you get all the necessary care after your ACL tear surgery. The ACL injury recovery time after the surgery is around 6 to 9 months. Regaining their normalcy and returning to their sport may take longer for some athletes. Follow your doctor's instructions about physical activity. These exercises will help you restore your natural range of motion. It will also prevent the formation of blood clots. It is usually expected of patients to raise their legs without assistance in the first week after the surgery. Physical therapy usually starts seven to fourteen days after the surgery. Follow your doctor's suggestions when taking pain medication. Take note of your body temperature. Inform your doctor if you have a persistent fever that does not go down. Do not be afraid to let your doctor know if you experience any issues following the procedure.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: The recovery time varies but usually takes six to twelve months. Patients receive progressive physical therapy after the initial healing phase to restore their strength and function.

Ans: Strength training, using the correct form, and participating in conditioning programs can significantly lower the risk of ACL injuries, though there is no guarantee. During activities, it is essential to be aware of your body mechanics.

Ans: Not every time. The decision is influenced by the degree of the injury, lifestyle, and activity objectives. Bracing and physical therapy are non-surgical interventions that can help some people recover.

Ans: Returning to sports can happen anywhere from six to twelve months after surgery, depending on the patient's recovery, the extent of the rehabilitation, and the demands of the particular sport.