ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Bengaluru

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a tissue that connects your thigh bone and the shinbone. ACL stabilises the knee joint. ACL injury, meaning, an injury that occurs when there is a sprain or tear of the ACL. ACL injury makes people experience a popping sensation. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) joins the upper and the lower leg. It helps the knee to move smoothly by keeping the bones in place. PCL injury occurs when there is a sprain or tear of the PCL.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injury occurs during sports or fitness activities. These include activities that require you to stop or change directions suddenly. ACL injuries are common if you are involved in soccer, football, basketball, etc. The main causes of ACL injury causes include: 1. Sudden change in the direction 2. Sudden stopping or slowing down 3. Turning while keeping the foot steady 4. Awkwardly landing after a jump 5. Abruptly stopping 6. Getting struck in the knee directly or colliding with something

Who is at Risk?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

The typical signs and symptoms of an ACL tear are as follows: 1. A loud snap or a feeling of "popping" in the knee 2. Extreme discomfort and incapacity to carry out activities 3. Rapid inflammation 4. Reduction in range of motion 5. The sensation of giving way or instability when bearing weight Although ACL injuries can cause excruciating pain, some people only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you may have hurt your knee. You should see your doctor, especially if you feel or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

Your doctor may often grade the ACL injuries. The grading depends on the severity of the injury. The ACL injury is graded from I to III. Grade I describes a very less severe injury. Grade III indicates a more severe injury. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade 1: Your ACL is still intact and supporting your knee bones even though the injury stretched it to a point of destruction. 2. Grade 2: The injury caused your ACL to become partially torn and loosened due to excessive stretching. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. If you have any queries regarding the type of ACL injury, talk to your doctor to better understand your condition.

When to See the Doctor?

You must see your doctor if you experience any of the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Your condition may need your doctor’s attention, especially if you experience pain. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate early treatment. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

The diagnosis of ACL depends on physical examination. Your doctor may also recommend a few tests. Firstly, your doctor may ask you questions related to your symptoms. You must tell your doctor about the activities you did before experiencing the symptoms of any injury. You may also be asked about the initial symptoms. Your doctor may try moving your leg and knee in certain positions to assess your condition. You must highlight to your doctor if any particular position hurts you the most. Your doctor may recommend a few tests. These may include an X-ray, CT scan or an MRI.

Treatment for ACL Injury

Based on the severity of your ACL tear and any additional damage inside your knee, different ACL tear treatments may be necessary. You must avoid engaging yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Based on your condition, your doctor may recommend treatment. This will help in reducing the pain and managing the symptoms. You may be asked to use crutches. These are braces that help to secure and stabilise your knee. You may also be asked to take OTC painkillers. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol. Your physician will also ask you to perform certain exercises that will help in elevating your symptoms. Physical therapy is key to treating any kind of injury. ACL tear cannot mend on its own. But you can manage it if the injury is not very severe. However, you will require surgery to repair your ACL if you are an athlete or wish to resume physical activity. ACL operation is the most common option for treating an ACL tear. An ACL reconstruction may also be suggested based on the severity of the injury. ACL repair surgery to repair the damaged knee is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. You can return home the same day after the ACL surgery. Your surgeon will do a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to fix the tear inside your knee.

Prevention of ACL injury

Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch, and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out 6. Take the help of programs to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. You must follow the following safety tips to lower your chances of having an ACL injury: 1. Refrain from putting your foot down and turning over your knee. This is the most common cause of meniscus and ACL injuries among athletes in this way. 2. Ensure that nothing could trip you or others in your home or workspace. 3. Always use the appropriate tools or equipment when reaching for objects at home. 4. Never stand on countertops or tables or chairs. 5. Take the support of a walker or a cane if you have trouble walking or are more likely to fall.

Post-surgery Procedure

Take all the necessary care after your ACL tear surgery. The ACL injury recovery time after the injury is around 6 to 9 months. Some athletes may take longer to get back to normal and resume their sport. Follow your doctor's instructions. Perform exercises as suggested by your doctor. These exercises will bring your mobility back to normal. It will also prevent the formation of blood clots. In most cases, patients are expected to lift their legs without any assistance. Physical therapy usually starts seven to 14 days after the surgery. During the ACL surgery recovery time, take your pain medicines as recommended by your doctor. Monitor your body temperature. Inform your doctor if you have a persistent fever that does not subside. Do not hesitate to inform your doctor if you face any problems after the surgery.