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ACL/PCL-Injuries Surgery in
Attingal

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Amitabh Bachchan

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What is ACL/PCL injury?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the tissue that joins the thighbone to the shinbone. The knee joint is stabilised by the ACL. An ACL injury occurs due to a sprain or damage in the ACL. People who have an ACL injury describe it as a sense of popping. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) connects the lower and upper limbs. The PCL stabilises the bones and allows the knees to move smoothly. A sprain or tear to the PCL results in an injury.

ACL Injury: Causes

ACL injury is common among individuals who play sports or are involved in fitness activities. These include activities that call for abrupt stops or direction changes. ACL injuries are common if you are involved in soccer, football, basketball, etc. The main ACL injury causes include: 1. Sudden change in the direction 2. Sudden stopping or slowing down 3. Turning while keeping the foot steady 4. Awkwardly landing after a jump 5. Abruptly stopping 6. Getting struck in the knee directly or colliding with something

Who is at Risk?

    ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries are relatively common, and several factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing this type of knee injury. Women have a higher risk, being 2-8 times more susceptible to ACL injuries than men. This difference in risk might be due to various factors such as differences in muscle strength, the way muscles activate during movements, and hormonal influences. Participation in certain sports can also heighten the risk of ACL injuries. Sports involving quick changes in direction, sudden stops, and jumping movements like soccer, basketball, and volleyball put individuals at an increased risk due to the demanding movements involved in these activities.

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Symptoms of ACL injury

    The typical signs and symptoms of an ACL tear are as follows: 1. A loud snap or a feeling of "popping" in the knee 2. Extreme discomfort and incapacity to carry out activities 3. Rapid inflammation 4. Reduction in range of motion 5. The sensation of giving way or instability when bearing weight Although ACL injuries can cause excruciating pain, some people only experience mild discomfort. See your doctor if you think you may have hurt your knee. You should see your doctor, especially if you feel or hear a popping sound.

Types of ACL injuries

    It is common for your doctor to grade ACL injuries. The severity of the injury determines its grading. Grades for ACL injuries range from I to III. A Grade I injury is one that is extremely less severe. A more serious injury is called a Grade III injury. Let us understand what the three grades mean. 1. Grade I: The injury stretched your ACL to the point of destruction, but it is still in place and supports your knee bones. 2. Grade II: The excessive stretching that resulted from the injury partially tore and loosened your ACL. 3. Grade III: The ACL is broken into two pieces. Speak with your doctor if you have any questions about the type of ACL injury you may have in order to understand your situation better.

When to See the Doctor?

    You must see your doctor if you experience any of the above-mentioned ACL injury symptoms. Your condition may need your doctor’s attention, especially if you experience pain. Early diagnosis is critical to initiate early treatment. Do not delay an appointment with your doctor if you suspect an injury.

Diagnosis and Tests for ACL injury

    The physical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of ACL injury. Your doctor might also suggest a few tests. Your doctor might first ask you questions about your symptoms. Your doctor needs to know what you were doing before any injury-related symptoms appeared. Your physician might also inquire about the initial symptoms that you experienced after the injury. Your doctor might try putting your leg and knee in different positions to evaluate your condition. You need to let your doctor know if any specific positions hurt the most. Your doctor might suggest a few tests. These could be an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray.

Treatment for ACL Injury

    Different treatment options are available depending on the severity of your ACL tear. Additional damage inside your knee is also taken into account while making ACL tear treatments choices. You must not engage yourself in any activity that could further strain your knee. This includes sports or fitness activities. As soon as you experience pain or other symptoms, apply the RICE method: Rest: Take a break and refrain from the activity that hurt you. Avoid overusing your knee while it is healing. Ice: Use a thin towel-wrapped ice pack or cold compress on your knee for 15 minutes at a time, several times a day. Compression: To help with swelling reduction, you can wrap an elastic bandage around your knee. Elevation: Raise your leg and knee as high as possible above your heart. Your doctor may suggest a course of treatment based on your condition. This will lessen discomfort and assist in managing the symptoms. It may be suggested that you use crutches. The knee is stabilised and secured with the aid of these braces. Your doctor might also recommend over-the-counter painkillers. These could consist of paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Your doctor may suggest specific exercises to help you feel better. The foundation of any injury treatment programme is physical therapy. An ACL tear does not self-heal. You can manage your condition if your injury is not too serious. Some people may need surgery to repair the ACL, especially if the individual is an athlete or wishes to resume exercising. ACL surgery is the most commonly used method of treating an ACL tear. The ACL operation is performed in an outpatient facility. Your surgeon will perform a minimally invasive procedure called a knee arthroscopy to repair your torn knee ligament. This type of surgery enables the healing process of the knees. You are allowed to return home the day following the procedure.

Prevention of ACL injury

    Athletes cannot avoid the situation of an ACL injury. ACL tears are typically caused by unexpected accidents and injuries related to sports. While you indulge in physical activities or sports: 1. Ensure that you are wearing the right gear 2. Do not play over your pain if you have hurt your knees during or after physical activity 3. Allow your body some time to rest and recover after a strenuous activity 4. Relax, stretch and warm up prior to engaging in exercise or sports 5. Stretch and cool down after working out 6. Take the help of programmes to strengthen your knees and lower body during the off-season. This will help your knees withstand the strain during your sports season. You must comply with the following safety advice in order to reduce your risk of suffering an ACL injury. 1. Avoid planting the foot and pivoting over the knee. This is the most frequent reason why athletes sustain meniscus and ACL injuries. 2. Check your home or workspace to make sure nothing could trip you. 3. Make sure you always use the proper tools or equipment when reaching for items around the house. 4. Avoid standing on tables, chairs, or countertops. 5. Use a walker or cane if you have difficulty walking or are at risk of falling.

Post-surgery Procedure

    Make sure you take all the required care after your ACL tear surgery. The ACL injury recovery time after the surgery is around 6 to 9 months. Some athletes may take longer to get back to normal and resume their sport. Observe what your doctor has prescribed. During the ACL surgery recovery time, you can exercise as your doctor recommended. You will regain your normal range of motion with these exercises. It will also stop blood clots from forming. Patients are typically expected to raise their legs on their own without assistance. Physical therapy typically begins seven to fourteen days after the surgery. Take your pain medicines as recommended by your doctor. Pay attention to the temperature of your body. Let your doctor know if you experience a persistent fever that does not go down. Do not hesitate to inform your doctor if you face any problems after the surgery.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: The recovery time varies but usually takes six to twelve months. Patients receive progressive physical therapy after the initial healing phase to restore their strength and function.

Ans: Strength training, using the correct form, and participating in conditioning programs can significantly lower the risk of ACL injuries, though there is no guarantee. During activities, it is essential to be aware of your body mechanics.

Ans: Not every time. The decision is influenced by the degree of the injury, lifestyle, and activity objectives. Bracing and physical therapy are non-surgical interventions that can help some people recover.

Ans: Returning to sports can happen anywhere from six to twelve months after surgery, depending on the patient's recovery, the extent of the rehabilitation, and the demands of the particular sport.